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Main Menu - Genealogy: A Beginner's Workshop: Class 2

Class 2 - What's in a Census?

Census reports can fill-out what you know and don’t know about your ancestry.  You can find previously unknown relatives.  You can learn the occupation of family members, location where they were born and where they lived.

The first U. S. federal census was taken in 1790.  Federal censuses are taken every 10 years.

The 1850 federal census is the first census to include the name of every person in the household except the names of slaves.

Family Search has a list of U.S. census headings for 1790-1930. 

US Census Headings 1790-1860 | US Census Headings 1870-1930

1790

Headings:

Head of Family

Free white males

Free white females

All other persons

Slaves

16 and up including head

Under 16

Including head

 

 

 

 

 

 

Census Worksheet

Note:  The head of household came to the census taker; the census taker did not visit the residence.  Adjacent names on the report were not necessarily neighbors.

Per Ancestry:  No schedules are known to exist for Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia; apparently they were destroyed during the British attack on Washington during the War of 1812.

Family Search Wiki Article 

 

1800

Headings:

Head of Family

Free white males

Free white females

All others

Slaves

Under 10

10-16

16-26

26-45

45 & over

Under 10

10-16

16-26

26-45

45 & over

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Census Worksheet  

Note:  Per Family Search, missing records: CensusRecords.com identifies: Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, New Jersey, Virginia, Indiana Territory, Mississippi Territory and Northwest Territory (Only Washington County records from the Northwest territory survive)

Family Search Wiki Article 

1810

Headings:  same as 1800

Census Worksheet 

Note:  Some Ohio records were probably lost due to a fire during the War of 1812.

Family Search Wiki Article  

1820

Headings:

Head of Family

Free white males

Free white females

Under 10

10-16

16-18

18-25

26-45

45 & over

Under 10

10-16

16-26

26-45

45 & over

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Head of Family

Foreigners not naturalized

Agriculture

Commerce

Manufacturers

Free colored

Slaves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Census Worksheet  

Note:  District wide loss of records for Arkansas Territory, Missouri Territory, New Jersey.  Per Family Search, six counties in North Carolina are missing

Family Search Wiki Article 

1830

Headings:  printed on form

Census Worksheet 

Note:  There are some losses in Massachusetts, Maryland and Mississippi of census records.

Family Search Wiki Article  

1840

Census Worksheet   

Family Search Wiki Article

1841

Veterans Pensioners

Note:  This is a census for Pensioners of the Revolutionary War or other military service.

1850

Census Worksheet

Slave Schedule Worksheet 

Note:  This is the first census to include the names of other-than head of households on the population schedule.  Names were not included for slaves.

Slave Schedule:  The collection consists of an index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age and gender of the slaves. This was the first time that slave information was captured as a separate schedule.

1850-1860 Federal Slave Schedule and Family Search Wiki have additional information regarding slave schedules.

Family Search Wiki Article

1860

Census Worksheet  

Slave Schedule Worksheet 

Note:  Names were not included for slaves.

Slave Schedule:  The collection consists of an index and images of slave schedules listing slave owners and only age and gender of the slaves.

1850-1860 Federal Slave Schedule and Family Search Wiki have additional information regarding slave schedules.

Family Search Wiki Article  

1870

Census Worksheet   

Family Search Wiki Article 

1880

Census Worksheet   

Family Search Wiki Article  

1890

Note:  The 1890 census was destroyed/damaged by fire, at the Commerce Dept. in 1921. Less than 1% survived, covering 6,160 individuals. These remaining population schedules have been microfilmed.

Civil War Veterans Schedule:  Schedule of Civil War veterans or their widows.  The majority of the 1890 Civil War Veterans Schedule was also destroyed/damaged by fire in 1921

Family Search Wiki Article   

1900

Census Worksheet

Note:  Oklahoma census schedules are split between Oklahoma Territory to the northwest, and Indian Territory to the southeast.

Indian Population Schedule:  Oklahoma census schedules are split between Oklahoma Territory to the northwest, and Indian Territory to the southeast.

Family Search Wiki Article  

1910

Census Worksheet 

Note:  Institutions (jails, hospitals, poor houses, poor farms, insane asylums) are located on the end of the regular population schedule by county or sometimes on a separate roll.

Family Search Wiki Article 

1920

Census Worksheet 

Family Search Wiki Article  

1930

Census Worksheet 

Note:  The census includes Military / Naval Forces (military forts, bases, navy ships) records

Family Search Wiki Article 

1940

Census Worksheet  

Family Search Wiki Article  

1950

To be released April 2022.

Family Search Wiki Article 

There are also census forms available for other countries such as the United Kingdom and Canada.  Canadian forms are available in both English and French.

Several states conducted State Census.  FamilySearch.org, Wiki, shows state census information.  Also, the following list of state and territorial censuses was compiled by Ann S. Lainhart's State Census Records, Davenport Public Library call no. SC 929.3973 Lai.  This reference shows the availability of records for each state census.

Iowa conducted several state censuses, some localized and some statewide. 


Census available at the Iowa State Historical Society are available at both the Des Moines and Iowa City locations.

Microfilm is also available at RSSC Center in DPL.

1856    Iowa State Census, Population Schedule                                                                   taken March 2 – July 7, 1856

Note:  Statewide (80 counties) census except Warren Co. Information on census:

Census Date
Community
Enumerator
County
Supervisor District #
Line #
Written Page #
Printed Page #
Dwelling #
Family #
Name
Age
Sex
Color
Married
Widowed
Yrs. in state
In what State or Foreign Country born
Profession, trade or occupation
Native Voters
Naturalized Voters
Aliens
Militia
Deaf & dumb
Blind
Insane
Idiotic
Owners of land

1885    Iowa State Census, Population Schedule                                                               taken January 1 – June 1, 1885

Information on census:

Local Community (city or township)
County
State
Ward
Date Census Taken
Page No.
A.  Dwelling numbered in order of visitation
B.  Families numbered in order of visitation
C.  Name of each person (write full first name)
      Residence: Township
      Residence: Range
      Residence: Section
D.  Residence: Street and number, or other
      accurate designation, if the town plat. 
      Smallest legal subdivision, if in country.
E.  Age at birthday in 1884
F.  Sex
G.  Color
H.  Married [M] Single [S], Widowed [W], Divorced [D]
I.   Profession, Employment, or Occupation
J.  Place of Birth: If in United States, name of
      state or territory
K.  Place of Birth: If in Iowa, what county
L.  Place of Birth: If abroad, what country
M.  Parentage (N Native; F Foreign): Father
N.  Parentage (N Native; F Foreign): Mother
O.  Subject to military duty
P.  Entitled to vote
Q.  Alien who has taken out first papers
R.  Alien who has not taken out first papers
S.  Cannot read or write, over 10 years old
T.  Can read but not write, over 10 years old
U.  Deaf and dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic
V.  Remarks

1895    Iowa State Census, Population Schedule                                                             taken January 14 – June 1, 1895

Information on census:

Local Community (city or township)
County
State
Ward
Date Census Taken
Page No.
1.  Dwelling numbered in order of visitation
2.  Families numbered in order of visitation
3.  Name of each person (write full first name)
4.  Age: 18 years or over
5.  Age: 5 to 18 years
6.  Age: under 5 years
7.  White: Male
8.  White: Female
9.  Colored: Male
10.  Colored: Female
11.  Married
12.  Single (if widowed mark W, divorced D, all
       other S
13.  Place of birth (If in United States, give State;
       if in Iowa give County and State: if not in U.S.
       give name of country)
14.  Parents place of birth: Father
15.  Parents place of birth: Mother
16.  Profession, occupation, or employment
17.  Religious belief
18.  Subject to military service
19.  Entitled to vote at general election
20.  Can read but not write, over 10 years old
21.  Cannot read or write, over 10 years old
22.  Children over 6 and under 17 years old, not
       attending any school in 1894
23.  Foreigners not naturalized
24.  Births in 1894
25.  Deaths in 1894
26.  Deaf and dumb not in state school for Deaf
27.  Blind not in state college for blind
28.  Insane not in State Hospital for Insane
29.  Soldiers, Sailors, and Mariners in War of the
       Rebellion: Company
30.  Soldiers, Sailors, and Mariners in War of the
       Rebellion: Regiment
31.  Soldiers, Sailors, and Mariners in War of the
       Rebellion: State
32.  Soldiers, Sailors, and Mariners in War of the
       Rebellion: Arm of Service and Rank
33.  Soldiers in Mexican War: Regiment
34.  Soldiers in Mexican War: State

1905    Iowa State Census, Population Schedule                                                                 taken January 3 – July 1, 1905

Information on census:

Card No.
County
Township
City
Name
P. O. Address
Sex: Male–Female
Can you read?  Yes.  No.
Can you write?  Yes.  No.
Color, White – Black – Yellow – Red
Age
Place of birth, Self
Place of birth, Mother
Place of birth: Father
Do you own your home or farm:  Yes.  No.
Entire value of home or farm?  $
How much incumbrance on your home or farm?  $
If you are foreign-born, are you naturalized?  Yes.  No.
Years in U.S.
Years in Iowa
Conjugal condition: Single – Married – Widowed – Divorced – Separated
Months in school in 1904.  Public ____  High ____  Private ____  College ____
Occupation
Months unemployed in 1904
Military Service:  Service in Civil War – Mexican War – Spanish War
            Company ____  Regiment ____  State ____
            Class of service: Cavalry – Infantry – Artillery – Navy
            Date of enlistment
            Date of discharge
            Remarks
Signed

1915    Iowa State Census, Population Schedule                                                              taken January 1 – May 31, 1915

Information on census:

Card No.
Sex: Male – Female
Color
Married ____  Widowed ____  Single ____  Divorced ____
Months in School in 1914: Public ____  High ____  Private ____  College ____
Read
Write
Blind
Deaf
Insane
Idiot
If Foreign Born are you Naturalized
Years in U.S.
Years in Iowa
Name
Age
County
P.O.
Town or Township
Ward
Occupation
Months in 1914 Unemployed
Total earnings for 1914 from occupation $
Extent of Education: Common ____  Grammar ____  High School ____  College ____
Birth Place
Do you own your home or farm?  Yes – No
Encumbrance on farm or home $
Value of farm or home $
Military Service: Civil War ____  Mexican ____  Spanish ____  Infantry ____  Calvary ____  Artillery ____  Navy ____  State ____  Regiment ____  Company ____
Church Affiliation
Father’s Birthplace
Mother’s Birthplace
Remarks
Signed

1925    Iowa State Census, Population Schedule

Information gathered based on who resided where on January 1, but census may have been taken later in March or April.

Note:  Statewide census.  Not all names/households indexed.

Information included on census:

County
City
Call Number
Page 1 of 2
Abode: Street, Avenue, Boulevard or Road
Abode: Number Dwelling
Name: Name of Each Person residing in the family on Jan 1, 1925.  Surname first, then given name and middle initial.
Relation: Relationship of this person to the Head of the family
Personal Descrip: Sex
Personal Descrip: Color or Race
Personal Descrip: Age at Last Birthday
Personal Descrip: Sing, Mar, Wid, or Div
Personal Descrip: House Owned or Rented
Tenure: Value of this Home
Tenure: Amt of Mort Debt against this Home on Jan 1, 1925
Tenure: If Rented, Amount of Rent Paid Monthly
Tenure: If Owned, Amt of All Insurance on this Home
Citizenship: If Foreign-Born – Naturalized?
Citizenship: Number of years in U.S.
Number of years in Iowa
Education & Literacy: High Sch Att: Rural
Education & Literacy: High Sch Att: Grade
Education & Literacy: High Sch Att: High School
Education & Literacy: High Sch Att: College or University
Education & Literacy: Highest Grade Reached: Rural – Reader Compl
Education & Literacy: Highest Grade Reached: Grade in /Gram Grade Compl
Education & Literacy: Highest Grade Reached: High School – Grade Compl
Education & Literacy: Highest Grade Reached: Coll or Univ – No Years Att
Education & Literacy: Highest Grade Reached: Mo of School Att in 1924
Education & Literacy: Highest Grade Reached: Whether Able to Rad
Education & Literacy: Highest Grade Reached: Whether Ale to Write
Place of Birth of Person Enumerated
Father’s Name
Father’s Place of Birth
Father’s Age – last Birthday
Mother’s Name
Mother’s Place of Birth
Mother’s Age – last Birthday
Place of Marriage of Parents of Enumerated Person
County
City
Call Number
Page 2 of 2
Military Service: Civil War: Are you a Veteran
Military Service: Civil War: Branch of Service
Military Service: Civil War: What State Enlisted or Drafted From
Military Service: Span-Amer War: Are you a Veteran
Military Service: Span-Amer War: Branch of Service
Military Service: Span-Amer War: What State Enlisted or Drafted From
Military Service: World War: Are you a Veteran
Military Service: World War: Branch of Service
Military Service: World War: What State Enlisted or Drafted From
Occupation: Are you engaged in Agricultural Pursuits
Occupation: Are you engaged in Professional Services
Occupation: Are you Engaged in Domestic and Personal Serviced
Occupation: Are you engaged in Trade and Transportation
Occupation: Are you engaged in Manuf and Mech work
Occupation: Are you a Laborer unclassified
Occupation: No months in 1924 unemp due to illness from communic diseases only
Occupation: Amt of salary or income loss because of illness from communicable diseases
Occupation: No months in 1924 unemp due to labor conditions or other causes
Church Affil’n: What Church are You Affiliated With

Timelines can help you see the big picture as well as find gaps in your research.  Timelines can show you where and when your family lived, making future searches easier.

Timelines can be any format.  Below is one format.  Various templates are available online.

You can also add local, state, national, or world events that may have influenced your family, such as the Civil War, Spanish flu, the Great Depression, etc.  You can do a timeline one person at a time (the recommended format) or one family at a time.

One example of a timeline for Theodore “Jenks” Austin Moore:

Additional Timeline info excerpted from: https://familyhistorydaily.com/genealogy-help-and-how-to-/ancestor-timeline/ by Amanda Sullivan; accessed July 12, 2021

Timelines are a uniquely important research tool. When done correctly, they can aid us in sorting out the “where,” “when,” and “why,” of our ancestor’s lives – shedding new light on the important events of those who came before us. They can help us identify holes and inconsistencies, making new possibilities for research visible for the first time.

Often, when we research, we stumble around adding new facts and records as we find them. We get so caught up in the details that we often forget to look at the big picture. But a timeline allows us to step back and see our work with new eyes.

If you’ve been struggling to piece together an ancestor’s life, or are facing a mystery in your tree, creating a timeline should be next on your list of things to do. Even if you’re not, timelines will almost always help you build a deeper understanding of any person or branch in your research.

What’s the best kind of timeline to make for your ancestor? It’s up to you, let’s look at some options.

There are two types of handwritten timelines – the first is a list of events from beginning to end and the second is literally a line with the years evenly spaced across it. For the second variety, each event is then placed on the line when it happened. You can find templates for each kind on the internet or you can do it by hand.

You could also consider using a spreadsheet for creating your timeline, which can be very helpful with its many rows and columns. I suggest starting your spreadsheet with three columns, one for each of the dates, what happened, the source of information.

Once your timeline(s) is in place ask yourself these 10 questions:

  1. What facts am I missing?
  2. What details (dates, locations, etc) are missing from specific facts?
  3. Are any facts missing sources, or are the sources week? Can I add new records?
  4. Are there inconsistencies?
  5. Is there more information on the sources I do have than I have recorded in my tree? Should I add them?
  6. Are there big gaps in my ancestor’s life? What records might fill them?
  7. Were there big external events that influenced his/her life that may have produced records?
  8. How do the timelines of his/her relations fit in?
  9. Did my ancestor always live in the same location? If not, where did they move to? Can I create a date-based map of their travels to help me find new records?
  10. What can I learn about the locations in each event?

For even more help with timelines for genealogy take the online Genealogy Research Course from Family History Daily. It includes in-depth help for using timelines to solve family mysteries

Homework

Check for census for family members.

Start with the most recent members and work backwards.

Create a timeline.

Use the information from Class 1.

Add the information you find via census reports.